Survey & Questionnaire

Survey is a systematical method used to gather information from individuals.

Levels of Measurement:
A.Nominal
    -Numbers used to differentiate objects.
    -Uses name and labels.
    -For example: TV channels
B.Ordinal
    -Numbers are assigned/rank.
    -Rank-ordering data.
    -For example: 1st, 2nd, 3rd ... nth
C.Interval
    -The order of data points, and the size of the intervals in between data points.
    -Allows not only to rank but also to quantify and compare.
    -No absolute zero.
    -For example: temperature interval of Celsius
D.Ratio
    -an interval scale with a true zero point.
    -Physical  measures mostly used by engineers, natural science.
    -For example: temperature interval of Kelvin

Data are objects to where we can draw conclusions. It is a collection of all observations.

Collection of data can be:
A.Objective
    -Goal in nature.
B.Subjective
    -Purpose in nature.
C.Existing file
    -Retrieval of existing file.

Questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents.

7 questions before making a questionnaire: 
A.Why are we collecting data?
B.What are we exactly collecting?
C.Where are we getting the data?
D.When are we getting the data?
E.How long?
F.Who is going to collect?
G.How will be the data collected and presented?

Rules:
-Statements which are interpreted in the same way of the members (word technicality).
-Use statements where persons give different answers, don't use statements with different opinions.
-Use follow up questions.
-Use only one aspect.
-Use positive statements, avoid negative.

Steps:
1.Write the objective.
2.Write out the concepts and information that the study aims to get.
3.Review related literature.
4.Compose a draft.
5.Assemble the final questionnaire.

Kind of questions:
A.Open-ended
    -Opinionated, generates nuance.
B.Close-ended
    -Yes/No, rank
    -Easier to interpret.

Design:
-Good questionnaires are hard to construct but easy to analyze while bad questionnaires are easy to construct but hard to analyze.
-The suggested length is 2-4 pages (Objective(s) on the first page together with the title; additional information, thank you and other info are to be put on the last page of the questionnaire).
-Use light pastel color.
-Avoid unusual fonts like chiller, elephant, and etc. 

(Source: MAT381 professor and Wikipedia)