Literary Criticism: Filipinas 2003

    

Literary Criticism

I.                    Summary

Florensia Filipinas (Armida Reyna), a mother of 3 daughters and 3 sons, faces a problem regarding her own family. Florensia is living with her oldest daughter, Yolanda Filipinas (Maricel Soriano). Yolanda is a martyr and soft-hearted daughter who devoted her time taking care for her mother. Yolanda drops her dreams and ambitions, even her own life for her mother. The problem arises when Samuel Filipinas (Richard Gomez), the oldest son, together with his son and daughter came back from America. Samuel and Eman Filipinas (Victor Neri), a communist and acclaimed leader of Filipino revolutionist, always quarrel regarding the current conflict of the Philippines. Problems pile-up, from the near bankruptcy of their business, the death of Narciso Filipinas (Wendell Ramos), youngest son and a military official, and more conflict among family members. Florensia, carrying all of the problems, got into comma. Conflict among family members, different idealism and hatred towards each other are the problems to be solved by the Filipinas family. The movie tells us that despite the failure in faith with our institutions like military and the church, there’s one left where we can lean on and trust—the institution of the family.

II.                  Characters

A.      Yolanda Filipinas (Maricel Soriano)

Yolanda, the oldest of all siblings, is the martyr daughter. She thinks that her family weighs more than everything, even to her own happiness. She chooses to sacrifice her own love to conceal a crime that leads to her broken life. She finished Economics and managing a small family business.

B.      Samuel Filipinas (Richard Gomez)

Samuel, being the oldest son, thinks that what he says is always right and everything must bow before his decisions. He also represents the idealistic Filipino who believes that America is the answer to everything. Samuel is separated from his wife and a father of two daughters and one son.

C.      Vicky Filipinas (Aiko Melendez)

Vicky, one of the favorites of Florensia and the youngest daughter, is a typical Filipina who finds happiness with foreign partners. She deals with the Filipinas’ onion business. She is married to Ramesh, a Bombay.

D.      Eman Filipinas (Victor Neri)

Eman, younger than Samuel, is the communist of the family. He fights for what he thinks is right and stands his ground as a Filipino. He doesn’t want Americans to deal with our nation’s problem. With his idealism, Samuel and Eman always fight for what is right.

E.       Gloria Filipinas (Dawn Zullueta)

Gloria, younger than Yolanda and the favorite of Florensia, is an OFW caregiver. She left her daughter and her husband just to earn money. She endures the loneliness. Ironic of this is that Gloria knows how to take care, a nurse, and a good caregiver but she doesn’t, even once, take care of their mother. Gloria is married to Greg, a househusband.

F.       Narciso Filipinas (Wendell Ramos)

Narciso is a military official and the youngest in the family. He is secretly married to Dindi. He is the bridge between Eman and Samuel.  Narciso believes that the military must never take power over the Philippine government because too much power makes people blind.

G.     Florensia Filipinas (Armida Reyna)          

Florensia is religious mother. She generally loves her siblings but it is also obvious that she has favoritism among her offspring.

III.                Conflict

The conflict of the story is the different idealism of the Filipinas Family. Due to this conflict, the family was torn apart from inside. The rivalry between Samuel being the realistic-bossy-American Dreamer and Eman the communist who fights for his country. The Grudge of Yolanda  for Gloria for leaving her with her empty dreams. In the end, the conflict was resolved with acceptance and forgiveness.  

IV.                Theme

The theme of the story is about the value of family in our society. The movie reflects the different idealism of every Filipinos especially the great difference in handling our lives as individuals. The movie teaches us that despite all failures in faith on our society, we always have one left to where we can lean on, our family.

V.                  Symbol

The title itself symbolizes the Filipino people. Filipinas family portrays the different idealism of Filipinos. The Filipino nation is a family; we must unite and work as one. Another symbol used is the “onion”. The story used onion as a figurative exposure for emotional attachments and secrecy of grudge and hatred.

VI.                Association with present life situation

The move is generally associated with the Filipino nation. We can see that the Philippines is facing problems regarding individuality and lack of unity. These problems are mainly due to different idealism. But on the bright side of the story, we can say that despite all odds, the Filipino family is still the institution we can hold on.

Computation for central tendencies (UNGROUPED)

Mean is the average of the whole data.
Formula:

 








Median is the middle most value/item of the data. If in case there is no middle (e.g 14 data), add the 7th and 8th data, divided by two.

Mode is the most frequent value on the data. If there is only one mode, it is called unimodal. If there is two mode, it is called bimodal. And if there is three or more mode, it is called multimodal.

For example:
Number of accessories made out of beads production
2.0
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.8
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.7
4.4
4.6
4.7
4.8
5.3
10.1

Mean:

Median:

2.0
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.8
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.3-----X
3.4-----X
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.7
4.4
4.6
4.7
4.8
5.3
10.1

Mode:

2.0
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.8
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.6-----X
3.6-----X
3.6-----X
3.6-----X
3.7
4.4
4.6
4.7
4.8
5.3
10.1

3.6 is the Mode, unimodal.

(Source: MAT381 professor)

Methods of Sampling

How to get the desired sample size?

Formula:

Where: N is the sample size (population) and e is the desired margin of error.

The margin of error is a statistic expressing the amount of random sampling error in a survey's results. The larger the margin of error, the less faith one should have that the poll's reported results are close to the "true" figures; that is, the figures for the whole population. Margin of error occurs whenever a population is incompletely sampled.


For example:
The sample size of CS students in New Era University is 1000 students. And I want to have 5% of margin error.

Methods of Sampling
A.Random Sampling
-Picking of correspondents, roulette, etc.

B.Systematic Sampling
-Follow the steps:
1.Compute for sample size/total no. of sample
2.List the members of the sample and number them using the quotient of no.1
3.Pick the desired number you want.

For example:
Listed below are 15 CS students, numbered by 4 and I get the 3rd elements to be used on my sample.
1.Wako-Wako
2.Ariane
3.Andrea-----X
4.Shenel
1.Jessy
2.Volts
3.Gene-----X
4.Earl
1.Tomas
2.Lloyd
3.Ranel-----X
4.Jong
1.Jp
2.Jana
3.Lash-----X

Therefore, my respondents will be Andrea, Gene, Ranel and Lash.

C.Stratified
-A method of sampling that involves the division of a population into smaller groups known as strata. In stratified random sampling, the strata are formed based on members' shared attributes or characteristics. A random sample from each stratum is taken in a number proportional to the stratum's size when compared to the population. These subsets of the strata are then pooled to form a random sample.


For example:
I need to gather respondents from 4 sections of CS.

Note: In case there's decimal point for the respondents, just give the decimal point to the other strata. For instance, instead of 71.5 for CS1, trade off the 0.5 to CS4 so that CS4 will have 72 respondents or vice versa. Or instead of CS3 having 85.8 respondents, give 0.8 to CS2 so that it will have 58 respondents or vice versa. If you did not do this, you will encounter problems. The worst, I won't allow a MANANANGAL as my respondent. :)







D.Cluster
-Area sampling

E.Purposive
-Expert sampling

F.Snow-ball
-Referral method

(Source: MAT381 professor and Wikipedia)

Survey & Questionnaire

Survey is a systematical method used to gather information from individuals.

Levels of Measurement:
A.Nominal
    -Numbers used to differentiate objects.
    -Uses name and labels.
    -For example: TV channels
B.Ordinal
    -Numbers are assigned/rank.
    -Rank-ordering data.
    -For example: 1st, 2nd, 3rd ... nth
C.Interval
    -The order of data points, and the size of the intervals in between data points.
    -Allows not only to rank but also to quantify and compare.
    -No absolute zero.
    -For example: temperature interval of Celsius
D.Ratio
    -an interval scale with a true zero point.
    -Physical  measures mostly used by engineers, natural science.
    -For example: temperature interval of Kelvin

Data are objects to where we can draw conclusions. It is a collection of all observations.

Collection of data can be:
A.Objective
    -Goal in nature.
B.Subjective
    -Purpose in nature.
C.Existing file
    -Retrieval of existing file.

Questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents.

7 questions before making a questionnaire: 
A.Why are we collecting data?
B.What are we exactly collecting?
C.Where are we getting the data?
D.When are we getting the data?
E.How long?
F.Who is going to collect?
G.How will be the data collected and presented?

Rules:
-Statements which are interpreted in the same way of the members (word technicality).
-Use statements where persons give different answers, don't use statements with different opinions.
-Use follow up questions.
-Use only one aspect.
-Use positive statements, avoid negative.

Steps:
1.Write the objective.
2.Write out the concepts and information that the study aims to get.
3.Review related literature.
4.Compose a draft.
5.Assemble the final questionnaire.

Kind of questions:
A.Open-ended
    -Opinionated, generates nuance.
B.Close-ended
    -Yes/No, rank
    -Easier to interpret.

Design:
-Good questionnaires are hard to construct but easy to analyze while bad questionnaires are easy to construct but hard to analyze.
-The suggested length is 2-4 pages (Objective(s) on the first page together with the title; additional information, thank you and other info are to be put on the last page of the questionnaire).
-Use light pastel color.
-Avoid unusual fonts like chiller, elephant, and etc. 

(Source: MAT381 professor and Wikipedia)

Introduction to Statistic

Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data. It deals with all aspects of this, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments (Mr. Wiki).

Job of a Statistician

-Collects numbers or data
-Systematically organizes or arranges the data
-Analyzes the data…extracts relevant information to provide a complete numerical description
-Infers general conclusions about the problem using this numerical description



Uses of Statistics

-Statistics is a theoretical discipline in its own right 
-Statistics is a tool for researchers in other fields
-Used to draw general conclusions in a large variety of applications 


Two kinds of Statistics

 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Procedures used to summarize and describe the set of measurements.

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

Procedures used to draw conclusions or inferences about the population from information contained in the sample.

The Objective of Inferential Statistics

- To make inferences about a population from information contained in a sample.

The Steps in Inferential Statistics

- Define the objective of the experiment and the population of interest

- Determine the design of the experiment and the sampling plan to be used

- Collect and analyze the data

- Make inferences about the population from information in the sample

- Determine the goodness or reliability of the inference.

Word Bank
Population
- Well defined collection of objects.

Sample (Relationship to population)
- Subset of population.

Experimental Unit
- Items or objects on which measurements are taken.

Sample (Relationship to experimental unit)
- Set of measurements taken on experimental unit.

Variable
- Characteristic that changes or varies over time and/or for different individuals or subjects under consideration.


     Univariate data: One variable is measured on a single experimental unit.
     Bivariate data: Two variables are measured on a single experimental unit.
     Multivariate data: More than two variables are measured on a single
                                      experimental unit.

Types:

Qualitative variables

- Measure a quality or characteristic on each experimental unit. 

Quantitative variables 

- Measure a numerical quantity on each experimental unit. It is divided into two: 

=Discrete if it can assume only a finite or countable number of values.
=Continuous if it can assume the infinitely many values corresponding to the points on a line interval.

Measurement
- Result when a variable is actually measured on an experiment.


Example:
>Variable: Hair Color
>Experimental Unit: Person
>Sample unit: CS Students
>Measurement: Brown, black


Data Distribution

To solve for "How often the value occurred”, you can solve it in 3 ways:
A. Frequency (count how many times a value appears on the data)
B. Relative frequency = Frequency/n
C. Percent = 100 x Relative frequency

where: n= total number of elements in the population/sample 

Graphing Quantitative Variables
Dotplots
-The simplest graph for quantitative data
-Plots the measurements as points on a horizontal axis, stacking the points that duplicate existing points.
Example:  The set    4, 5, 5, 7, 6

Stem and Leaf Plots
-A simple graph for quantitative data
-Uses the actual numerical values of each data point.

Example



















Interpreting Graph
















(Source: Yarmouk Univ 2003)